ABSTRACT
Electric Vehicles (EVs) have become prominent on our roadways. They are cost-effective, save our precious time and create a pollution-free environment. High efficiency inductive wireless charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs) have proved convenient and user friendly compared to their wired charging counterparts. Wireless EVs (WEVs) are unusual in most countries due to the associated techno-economic problems. Hence, it becomes essential to study in detail about the same before deploying a WEV charging infrastructure. This paper examines the economic aspects of wireless charging systems (WCS) for EVs. The impacts of the COVID-19 and real-estate availability for constructing and commissioning various (WCS) are discussed. Additionally, the cost involved in converters/ inverters, coils, battery for WCS are enumerated.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Pregnancy is a physiologically hypercoagulable state and a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection adds to this burden by accentuating the coagulopathy. We report two cases of severe peri-partum COVID infection leading to extremity gangrene secondary to a pro-thrombotic coagulopathy. Case One: A 37-year-old lady, day-2 postpartum, was brought with severe COVID infection & and respiratory failure. She developed progressive gangrene of the foot. A computed tomography (CT) angiogram confirmed the presence of thrombosis of the left external iliac & and common femoral artery. She was managed with catheter- directed thrombolysis and fasciotomy. The dry gangrene of the foot was managed with a Boyd’s amputation. At 1-year follow-up, she is ambulant with a healthy stump. Case Two: A 34-year-old lady, 36 weeks of gestation, presented with fulminant COVID infection with respiratory failure and pulmonary embolus. The lady developed gangrene of the B/L toes. A CT angiogram revealed thrombosis below the popliteal trifurcation in both limbs along with segmental pulmonary thrombo-embolism involving the right lung and multiple splenic infarcts. She succumbed to the overwhelming infection and sepsis. Discussion: The pathogenesis of coagulopathy in pregnant COVID patients is attributed to the hypercoagulable effect, which leads to thrombo-embolisms and limb ischemia following a cytokine storm syndrome in severe infections. To date, this is the first experience detailing distal limb gangrene in fulminant COVID infection in peri-partum women. Although, cases have been reported on distal limb gangrene in severe COVID infection among non-pregnant individuals. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary team must manage COVID infections in the third trimester. A prompt recognition of any forms of lethal coagulopathy and vigilant treatment will prevent loss of life.